- Viral diseases
(e.g., HIV, HPV, EBV, Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis, West Nile Virus, Ross River fever, Chikungunya)
- Parasite diseases
(e.g., Malaria, Hydatid disease, Leishmaniasis, Schistosomiasis)
- Vector-borne diseases and interaction of infectious disease agents with vectors
- Emergence of microbial infections
(e.g., HIV, H1N1, H5N1, SARS, Epidemic meningococcal diseases, Group A streptococci serotype M1T1)
- Development of antimicrobial resistance
(e.g., extensively drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis [XDR-TB], methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA], extended spectrum β-lactamase resistant Gram negative-pathogens, XDR-Acinetobacter, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Psudomonas aeruginosa etc)
- The polymicrobial nature of infectious diseases whereby, for instance, viruses facilitate bacterial infections
- Host-pathogen communication and signalling
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